Hard drives, SSDs, flash drives, SD cards and so on. All storage solutions that will, sooner or later, run out of space. When they do, you will probably ask yourself where did all the space go?

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To answer that question you can use a disk usage viewing tool. There are various third party commercial tools that you can use, but if you’re running Linux or macOS you can take advantege of the terminal which comes with built-in tools or use third party free and open source tools.

ALSO READ HOW TO: Create Time-Saving Aliases

See real-time CPU, network, or disk status in the Dock. It’s easy to keep an eye on your system status without even looking at the Activity Monitor window—you can monitor your CPU, network, or disk usage as a live graph right in the Dock. Another free disk space analyzer, JDiskReport, shows how files are using storage through either a list view like you're used to in Windows Explorer, a pie chart, or a bar graph. A visual take on disk usage helps you understand how the files and folders behave in relation to the available space. I've encountered a problem on my brand new MacBook, but haven't been able to find a solution after working on it for most of today. In a nutshell: When I go to 'About This Mac Storage' the System files were taking up a whopping 90+ GB of my hard drive.

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• DaisyDisk, GrandPerspective, and Disk Inventory X are probably your best bets out of the 10 options considered. 'Helps find and delete files taking up HDD space' is the primary reason people pick DaisyDisk over the competition. This page is powered by a knowledgeable community that helps you make an informed decision.
• Disk Inventory X is a disk usage utility for Mac OS X. It shows the sizes of files and folders in a special graphical way called ' treemaps '. If you've ever wondered where all your disk space has gone, Disk Inventory X will help you to answer this question.
• It will show “Apps using significant energy” right in your menu bar. What’s more, the app can monitor a whole lot of different indicators — from CPU to disk usage to memory load. Get a MacBook battery extender. This is a universal fix. Endurance is an app that can make your Mac’s battery last longer, whatever macOS you use.
• Viewing purgeable space in macOS. Because the purgeable space is instantly reclaimable, macOS counts it toward the available space, i.e. As if it was free. The resulting figure (free + purgeable) is displayed as “available” in many places in macOS and its standard apps, such as Finder, About This Mac and Disk Utility.

1. Using du and df

These are two standard Unix programs that complement eachother. du stands for disk usage and df stands for disk free.

To use these commands, you can execute them as is (i.e du or df ) or read the manual with man df and man du to see all the options.

2. Using dust

Dust is, as the developer puts it, like du but more intuitive. Dust is meant to give you an instant overview of which directories are using disk space without requiring sort or head.

Install dust:

• Linux: cargo install du-dust or download binary ( Arch users can find dust in AUR )
• macOS: using Homebrew. brew install dust or download binary
• Windows: download binary ( NOTE: I’m not sure how the Windows binary works. I don’t have any Windows machines, not even a VM )

Usage:

3. DUC – Dude, where are my bytes

Duc is a collection of tools for indexing, inspecting and visualizing disk usage. Duc maintains a database of accumulated sizes of directories of the file system, and allows you to query this database with some tools, or create fancy graphs showing you where your bytes are.

Install DUC:

• Linux: on Debian/Ubuntu based systems use sudo apt install duc . Arch users can find duc in AUR. Everybody else can compile it from the source code.
• macOS: using Homebrew. brew install duc

Usage:

Duc comes with a command line tool called duc, which is used to create, maintain and query the disk usage database. To see a list of available commands run duc help or run man duc for an extensive documentation.

First you need to index a directory you want to run duc against. It can be / , /usr or /home/username. This will create a database on ~/.duc.db.

NOTE: macOS users will have to index /Users/username instead of /home/username and I see no point in indexing just /usr

Once the desired directory is indexed, you can list all files and directories , showing relative file sizes in a graph with duc ls -Fg /indexed/directory

However, duc comes with an UI and a GUI interface. Which makes duc even more useful. To show the UI interface you will need to run duc ui /indexed/directory. This will return the ncurses console interaface which can be navigated with the keyboard.

To start the graphical interface and explore the filesystem using a sunburst graph run duc gui /indexed/directory. This interface can be navigated with the mouse ( scroll to zoom in and out, and click to select ).

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macOS 11 is a big hit. Announced in June and released in November 2020, this macOS update features the biggest design change in 20 years. No wonder, many want to see it — the sooner the better. Starting November 12, everyone can install a public version of macOS 11.

But there are lots of buts. Just as any major software update, macOS Big Sur might be misbehaving on your Mac. Starting with your Mac being “not good enough” for it. So whether you try the beta or install the public version, macOS Big Sur problems are possible. In this article, we’ll describe all reported macOS 11 issues and the ways to fix them.

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How to fix macOS Big Sur problems known so far

Here's quick navigation through all known macOS 11 problems:

macOS won't download

All macOS updates show up in the Software Update section, in the main Apple menu. You should be ready to give your Mac some time to download the new version of macOS. But if it takes hours, or Big Sur won’t download at all, this could be a sign something is wrong.

If you have any macOS Big Sur update problems, here are the possible fixes:

1. Check device compatibility

macOS Big Sur ends support for a few old Mac models that are compatible with macOS Catalina. So before you do any troubleshooting, make sure your Mac can run macOS 11 in the first place. Here’s the full list of compatible devices:

• MacBook (2015 or later)
• MacBook Air (2013 or later)
• MacBook Pro (2013 or later)
• Mac Pro (2013 or later)
• Mac Mini (2014 or later)
• iMac (2014 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later).

2. Boost your Internet connection

As we’ve mentioned earlier, macOS download is a tough job for your Mac. Make sure you have a reliable Internet connection before getting started. If you use Wi-Fi, the best way to keep your connection controlled is use the WiFi Explorer app. It’s a quick network scanning tool that gives you insights on your Internet signal — and even helps troubleshoot some basic problems.

3. Check Apple’s system status page

It’s a page on apple.com where you can check whether specific Apple servers are currently running. In rare cases, it might be possible that your download server is down and it hampers the macOS Big Sur download. It’s definitely not something that happens often, but make sure you cross this one off your list.

4. Fix wrong macOS version downloading

According to many users, when trying to install the Big Sur profile, they end up with macOS 10.15.6. Here’s the solution recommended by Steffen Voglmann on Apple Developer Forum:

1. Open Terminal > sudo -i > enter root password
2. Copy and paste the following to command line: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Seeding.framework/Versions/A/Resources/seedutil
3. Next, copy and paste the following: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Seeding.framework/Versions/A/Resources/seedutil unenroll
4. If you use a developer beta, enroll in the DeveloperSeed Beta by once again copying and pasting the following: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Seeding.framework/Versions/A/Resources/seedutil enroll DeveloperSeed
5. Close Terminal and open System Preferences > Software Update
6. Find the new macOS profile under Software Update.

Another issue might be macOS Big Sur appears as 10.16 in Software Update. Don’t be confused by the number — this is the profile you’re looking for. Previously, users reported macOS Big Sur beta used 10.16 version name instead of macOS 11. However, this is reportedly fixed in the public release.

5. Free up space on your Mac

The thing with macOS updates is they need space. Since there’s no official recommendation as to how much disk space you should free up for Big Sur, we just try to learn from the past. As the experience shows, you’ll need to have at least 15GB of space available on Mac. But why bother if you can get the maximum with CleanMyMac X? This simple app runs a scan on your Mac, detecting anything that can be deleted. From old caches to mail attachments to duplicates. You will be surprised there are files on your Mac that occupy gigabytes of space — yet bring no value at all. CleanMyMac X ensures it’s all gone, in seconds.

Read more about macOS Big Sur system requirements here.

macOS Big Sur won’t install

No particular reason why this happens, it just happens. You seem to have downloaded macOS Big Sur, and then it gets stuck during the installation process. One way to solve this might be rebooting your Mac in Safe Mode: hold down Shift while rebooting and then restart the installation process. If this doesn’t help, try resetting NVRAM:

1. Shut down your Mac
2. Hold down Option + Command + P + R for about 20 seconds
3. Wait until your Mac restarts and try reinstalling macOS Big Sur.

Apple also recommends resetting SMC on laptops and desktop computers with the T2 security chip (you can check whether your Mac has it by accessing the Apple menu > About This Mac > System Report > Controller).

To reset SMC on a Mac with the T2 chip:

1. Shut down your Mac
2. Press and hold Shift + Ctrl + Option for about 7 seconds (make sure the cable is plugged in)
3. While holding the keys, press and hold the power button for another 7 seconds
4. Restart your computer.

To reset SMC on a desktop computer with the T2 chip:

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1. Shut down your computer
2. Unplug the power cord, wait for about 15 seconds, and plug it back in
3. Wait a few seconds and restart the computer.

Monitor your Big Sur health

There’s no way macOS Big Sur can harm your Mac if you have iStat Menus app. Stay in the know about your Mac’s performance.

Big Sur fails to boot

Some users report they experience troubles with Mac startup after successfully updating to macOS 11. So if you try to turn on your Mac and macOS Big Sur won’t boot, the loading screen seems stuck, or you can’t log in to your account, here are the possible fixes:

• Try to force restart your Mac
• Check the power supply and plug the charger if it’s disconnected
• Use a different account to log in
• Boot into Recovery mode and run First Aid via Disk Utility
• If nothing helps, go into Safe mode and try reinstalling macOS Big Sur.

macOS Big Sur freezing

With macOS 11 up and running, it’s important it runs smoothly. Sometimes, new macOS versions tend to cause freezing. With macOS Big Sur in particular, some users report the freezing is followed by an unexpected system restart. Since freezing is a performance issue, optimizing overall performance could help. From what we’ve tried, CleanMyMac X and its Maintenance feature can be a great solution:

1. Open Maintenance in CleanMyMac X
2. Check the boxes next to “Run maintenance scripts,” “Free up RAM,” and any other option that might affect performance
3. Hit Run.

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macOS Big Sur battery drain

One of the common macOS 11 Big Sur issues is battery getting to its low point — faster than before. Here are the ways to solve the problem:

• Find out the energy impact of apps. Traditionally, new operating systems feature updated and new apps, which might put extra pressure on your machine. To know exactly what apps are draining battery, use Apple’s built-in Activity Monitor. You’ll find insights on the energy impact of every active (or recently active) app under the Energy tab.

• Use iStat Menus for system monitoring. If you want a more advanced Activity Monitor alternative, try iStat Menus. It will show “Apps using significant energy” right in your menu bar. What’s more, the app can monitor a whole lot of different indicators — from CPU to disk usage to memory load.

• Get a MacBook battery extender. This is a universal fix. Endurance is an app that can make your Mac’s battery last longer, whatever macOS you use. It slows down apps that work in the background, gradually dims the screen (you won’t even notice this), and lowers your Mac’s processing speed for when you’re working on simple tasks.

Bluetooth problems on macOS Big Sur

Bluetooth misbehavior is quite common after the macOS update. Here’s a quick way to fix Bluetooth not working on macOS Big Sur:

1. Press Shift + Option
2. Click on the Bluetooth icon in the menu bar
3. Select Reset the Bluetooth module > Ok
4. Restart your Mac.

macOS Big Sur running slow

First of all, be prepared for a slow download. According to numerous reports, macOS Big Sur downloads much slower than the previous versions. This doesn’t seem to be a bug, so there’s nothing to fix about it. Just make sure you don’t start updating in case you need your Mac in working mode in the nearest time.

And what if the installation went right but your Mac has been slowing down ever after? The problem might be old apps or too many apps working in the background. Here’s what you should do:

• Disable login items. This is the first thing to try because too many apps launching at startup hamper your Mac’s performance. You can stop apps from working in the background in System Preferences > Users & Groups > Login Items. Simply check the boxes next to login items and hit the minus button.

• Track performance and remove the clutter. iStat Menus and CleanMyMac X make the perfect match when it comes to fixing any macOS Big Sur issues. This is not an exception. Too many things might make your Mac go slow. iStat Menus will help you see what the problem is, and CMM X will run a smart cleanup to optimize performance.

• Reset SMC. If nothing works, resetting SMC might be a way out. We’ve described how it works above.

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Network problems on Big Sur

If your Mac won’t connect to Wi-Fi after the Big Sur upgrade, here’s what you need to do:

1. Open System Preferences > Network > Wi-Fi
2. Click on Advanced in the bottom right corner
3. Remove Wi-Fi connections by unchecking the boxes
4. Save the changes and restart your Mac.

In case your Mac connects to Wi-Fi but the network misbehaves in some way (for instance, the signal seems to be unstable or too low), use the WiFi Explorer app to scan your network environment. It will quickly inspect your Wi-Fi connection and indicate whether there’s any trouble.

If nothing helps, reset your SMC and try reconnecting. We’ve described how to reset SMC on Mac above.

USB 2.0 connection problem

Owners of the new 13-inch MacBook Air and MacBook Pro released in 2020 might not be able to connect USB 2.0 accessories like keyboards or mice to their Macs via hubs and adapters. This is not exactly the Big Sur problem and was first reported on macOS Catalina. While Apple has recently fixed it with the 10.15.6 Catalina update, the problem persists on macOS Big Sur. The only possible solution so far is to restart your Mac and try reconnecting.

Menu bar disappears on macOS 11 Big Sur

If your redesigned desktop misses the menu bar on macOS Big Sur, don’t worry. This is easy to fix:

1. Open System Preferences > Users & Groups
2. Click on Login Options and type your admin password
3. Disable the option “Show fast user switching menu as”
4. Once the menu bar is back, go to System Preferences once again and select Dock & Menu Bar (the new preference pane that lets you show/hide controls)
5. Disable Fast User Switching to remove it from Control Center.

These are all known macOS 11 Big Sur issues reported so far. Hopefully, this guide helps you get your Mac up and running with the new, fully redesigned system. You’ll learn it’s definitely worth the effort: macOS 11 covers a new sidebar look, curated notifications, enhanced Maps and Messages, and more. You don’t want to miss this.

To ensure you stay on the safe side and can fix all Big Sur macOS issues on the go, get iStat Menus, CleanMyMac X, and Endurance with Setapp. It’s a curated membership of 190+ apps that are all free for 7 days. So if you won’t need them to fix macOS problems (which we hope you won’t), you’ll need them for lots of other jobs.

If you haven’t found your problem on the list, we encourage you to try a system clean up anyways. It can help solve lots of macOS Big Sur issues by boosting your Mac’s capabilities. Otherwise, stay tuned. We’ll be updating this article as new issues emerge.

Meantime, prepare for all the awesome things you can do with Setapp.

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